USA

WARNING: This site deals only with the corporate corruption of science, and makes no inference about the motives or activities of individuals involved.
    There are many reasons why individuals become embroiled in corporate corruption activities - from political zealotry to over-enthusiastic activism; from gullibility to greed.
    Please read the OVERVIEW carefully, and make up your own mind.

OPINION ONLY

The tobacco industry throught they had a gem with Hickey and his fellow statistical researchers at the University of Pennsylvania. Then they discovered that Hickey was only a "senior research investigator in the Department of Statistics of The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia". He had a PhD in biophysical chemistry and microbiology

They appear to have convinced the tobacco industry that they had developed a new technique of statistical analysis that would help the tobacco industry support its claim that smoking and lung-cancer/CD were not causually related.

They also developed a theory that minute traces of air pollutants sourced from many miles distant, were the cause of lung cancer. If course, if you look hard enough over a wide-enough territory, you will always be able to discover some source of air pollution that can be correlated with clusters of lung-cancer.

Hickey proved to be so useful to the industry that they maintained his "grant" when he lost his job, even though there was no research involved.

Some key documents

  • He worked extensively with Richard C Clelland and AB Clelland, all of the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania as co-investigators.

• Hickey, RJ - in PM alone turned up 679 documents

• PhD Wharton School "How do you explain that some smokers live to 70"

1980 Dec 31: Application for CTR Research Grant. Hickey is working with Richard C Clelland and they wanted $87,922 for a one-year study into the "Relation of Air Pollution, Smoking, Radiation, and other Environmental Variables to Human Mortality Patterns." This is a continuation of a previous grant. Their come-on says:

Emphasis for 1981 will be placed upon the smoking and health area, upon the continuation of comparative epidemiological studies of environmental pollution, and upon the rationalization of statistical findings in these two areas. For example, multiple regression analyses have consistently shown very strong statistical relationships between mortality rates for cancer of the lung and respiratory organs and atmospheric concentrations of several pollutant chemicals. Such relationships need functional interpretation.

    The background radiation variable is to be included among the environmental variables. It is new to our studies, but such radiation is ubiquitous. It has been found to be negatively associated with mortality rates from several causes of death including cancer of the respiratory organs.

    The year 1980 has been quite productive for the project. Two manuscripts for journals are to be prepared under [the] heading [Smoking and Health]. We had planned to complete both of them 1980, but our unexpected and very timely findings in ionizing radiation area caused their postponement.

[Their 'amazing discovery' they made in 1980 has something to do with the supposed "Hormesis" effect of radiation (probably radon). Some pro-nuclear energy scientists had recently proclaimed that a low-level of extra radiation in the environment provided the public with a form of immunisation against cancer.]

The hormesis phenomenon is a possible explanation for our statistical findings that atmospheric concentrations of such substances as arsenic and cadmium are negatively associated with certain chronic disease mortality rates. Also nicotine, though highly toxic in large doses, may also exert beneficial stimulatory effects when encountered in low doses as in moderate cigarette smoking. Examination of hormesis as applied to nicotine and to some other chemicals involved in tobacco smoking may lead to technical explanations of major value to the tobacco industry and to the public interest.

• A summary of the prediction of chronic disease mortality rates.
• A literature review on functional health effects of airborne sulfur dioxide.
• a paper on the "pernicious effects of selective reporting" including an attack on anti-tobacco advocates.
• A review of nitrate as a preservative in meat which discusses the Delany amendment, biased conclusions from scientific studies, bad science, and over-regulation by federal authorities.

[What is most extraordinary about this grant application is that the proposed starting date was only hours after the grant application was written (probably at a New Years' Eve party). They wanted to begin on the first day of the new year — on January 1 1981 — despite their hangovers.]

See his funding from the secret Special Projects #4 account
    p52 Study "(Epidemiology-critique) Scientific Malpractice in Epidemiology; Hormeosis, Ideology and Misuse of Statistics, They have paid him via their secret account:

• 1981 $87,922
• 1982 $94,263
• 1983 $50,000

• Reporting back to Hoyt about his correspondence with other scientists and administrators (Kennedy School) FILES019170/91

1941: > Research on antibiotics, vitamins and other bichemicals

1941: PhD in biophysical chemisty and microbiology, Iowa State Uni, Ames Iowa

1960's: involved in research on air pollution, Uni of Penn

1967 Jul: - seeking funds from tobacco industry [980175507]

1968–69: Later records of the Council for Tobacco Research (CTR) shows that Hickey was paid via CTR Special Projects [secret system of payments] over many years, and sometimes extraordinary amounts.
    Page 19 of this document shows he received grants under different project numbers

Environmental Pollution and Chronic Disease Applying multivariable analysis to demonstrate that certain air pollutants "Medict" with considerable accuracy, mortality rates from diseases which have been associated with cigarette smoking
Comments: Denied by SAB
D&P lists funding amounts as $60,000, $10,000, $80,250.
General Counsel approved project for one year.
In addition D&P list states "Dunn edits Hickey's [manuscript] to such an extent taht Hickey withdraws this manuscript from proposed publication"
      However, a paper published in March 1976 acknowledges CTR Special Project funding. See Arch. Env. Health 31(2)L100-110(1976)

[A SAB grant went through the normal 'above board' processes, being considered on its merits by moderately-independent scientists. If it was denied by the SAB but the lawyers or executive lobbyists approved, then it could be funded as a Special Project]

1968 Aug: University of Pennsylvania (Wharton School) advised that Hickey does not yet hold an academic rank at the University of Pennsylvania, and therefore needs to have supervisory support in his grant application to CTR. [Note that he is not a statistician]
    He is not high enough in academic status to be principle investigator in some cases, so Richard Clelland provided it.

1968 Oct 3: Hickey's Application for $30,000 turned down by CTR, but Holzman states that he is willing to prepare a statement for Congress, provided he is in a position to complete the analysis of data he has in hand +++++++ [1005084784]

1969 June 9: Hand notefrom Hickey to Alex Holtzman at Philip Morris.

"Had you seen this? I think we are about to try our luck with a basic theory for Proceedings of the Academy of Science."

1970: CTR special projects [1005045322]
    He is now with the Institute of Public Policy Analysis, Uni of Penn. +++ [2015031426]

1970: Institute of Public Policy Analysis, Uni of Penn. +++ [2015031426]

1970: Institute of Public Policy Analysis, Uni of Penn. ++++++ [2015031426]

1970–79: Unexplained jump of 9 years in dealing with Blair Bower, and RFF
    He also appears to have been transfered at this time from CTR to PM's control.

1970 Jan 9: Hickey, Richard H (Almost certainly Richard J) has sent copies of his correspondence to Alex Holtzman, the inhouse lawyer for Philip Morris's science scams. He says that the editor of publications at the University of California, (also a tobacco lackey) WW Murdoch has asked him to contribute a chapter to a book on Man and the Environment, but he is reluctant to do this until the tobacco industry confirms his funding.

    At this time he is to present a lecture on pollution and chronic disease at the University of California, Davis and has been invited to present a paper at the IEEE Washington conference in mid April ... and contribute to another book.

    The main emphasis in the letter is spelling out how influential he has been with other scientists and members of Congress. It is also obvious that he and Clelland believe they have found a new or better way to conduct statistical analysis, He wants $30,000 for another year of funding.

1970 Feb 27: At the Fels Institute of Local and State Government, University of Pennsylvania

1970 March: Institute for Environmental Studies Uni of Penn. Very proud of "our unconventional views on smoking and health" and RFF [Resources For the Future] is in agreement [CTRSP/FILES004963/4964]

1970 Apr: Seeking 2nd year grant renewal. Hockett anticipates that the SAB will turn down his request for $30,000 and suggest that they use the secret Special Account #4 funding- [955004179]

1970 Sep 21: Hickey writes to Alex Holtzmann: "I've not discussed this with people at RFF as yet, so I don't know how they feel about the paper. A letter to Science might be in order; the subject is too important to be handled loosely. But I must hear first from Dave Boyce, Dick Clelland and Blair Bower.
Hickey sees CTR and RFF as "sponsors" - "embarassment of riches"
    On page 1 he admits he is still "learning from the statisticians" [2015031439/1440]

1970 Nov 24: Richard J Hickey writes to Alex Holtzman (PM lawyer). He is now at the FELS Center of Government at University of Pennsylvania. This is a light hearted letter to PM about the Wharton School, telling them about one of his graduate classes and how he had recruited students to look for anti-smoking materials.

    Otherwise, it is a "keep in touch with your money-pot" letter of little interest or consequence.

1971: Hickey 3x $40k CTR special grants [2015062476]

1971 Jan: Passing on to Hoyt CTR copies of all his letters to various scientists, trying to enlist their support. One to Konrad Lorenz, another to the daughter of RA Fisher. CTRSP/FILES006243/62

1971 July 6: Kansas City lawyers, Shook Hardy & Bacon overview on Richard Hickey - Special Projects. It says that, in their last letter they proposed temporary funding of $10,000 which ended on July 31 1971. After the lawyers [no scientists] had visited him, they are now recommending two-year funding of a proposal [not specified] as a 'special project' because:

• His work is unique in many respects and has gained favourable attention in the scientific and academic communities.
• He has written a chapter on air pollution in a book entitled "Environment, Resources, Pollution and Society" — and they approve of his comments on tobacco smoking and disease. The University of Kentucky has ordered 1700 copies.
• Because of his statistical techniques (multivariate studies) he has been invited to speak at the Sixth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability.
• He was invited to prepare a paper on Environmental Pollution and Chronic Disease for the IEEE.
• Shell Oil have hired him for their "Distinguished Lecturer Series."
• He has been hired by the tobacco industry to give a paper at next January's "motivational conference."
• "It is perhaps unnecessary to add that Hickey is convinced that smoking has been given far too much consideration and air pollution far too little."
• He has received two special project grants in the past.
• They recommend two year funding at $40,000 a year for the project, which may emphasise "Fisher's genotype hypothesis" [Their favoured constitutional theory of lung-cancer]

1972 Feb 2: The CTR is holding a "Conference on Motivation in Cigarette Smoking" at St Martin Island, Antilles, from Jan 12 - 15. Richard Hickey is being paid $341.85 for expenses. Dottie Cohen of CTR is "Conference Secretary."

[There is no mention of the CTR on the conference letterhead]

1973: Relationship between environmental chemicals and chronic disease at Wharton School

1973–47: University Projects. A list of articles he planted in 1973-74 period. His "theories support the constitutional hypothesis, and he has a great interest in environmental hazards." He was funded in 1973 for total of $110k over 2 years The articles are normally written with Clelland, Boyce, and Harner/Bowers (RFF) ZN25950

1973 Feb: The Lancet article "Smoking, Birth-weight, Development and Pollution." by Richard J Hickey, Richard C Clelland and Evelyn B Harner.

The greater concordance in smoking behaviour among monozygotic than among comparable dizygotic twins is compatible with the constitutional hypothesis, but discouraging to the smoking-causality hypothesis.

    The constitutional hypothesis asserts, in this case, that smoking, behaviour of women and the birth-weights of their children are influenced by a common cause — the individual genotype. The validity of the smoking-mortality statistics is in question."

See page 270

1973 Sep: RFF had given the group $43k through the Fels Center. Fels Center decided "that we could not work further through Fels" - their "studies were unacceptable"

Nor could they work be continued at the Institute for Environmental Studies of the Graduate School of Fine Arts. (a decision by the Dean of this school — after their work was "reviewed" by two University faculty members at the request of some Fine Arts administrators."

    [ [He appears to be totally self-delusional here.] 2015063631&df=er&c=at&c=ba&c=bw&c=ct&c=da&c=ll&c=lm&c=mg&c=mm&c=pm&c=rj&c=ti&c=ub&c=us" Target=_blank>"So now I am connected with the Wharton School .. My main concern presently is continued financial support by the tobacco industry. I have been working on this via Don Hoel... It also seems to me that what is really in the public interest also happens to be in the best interest of the tobacco industry. We hope that we are making some progress along with Seltzer, Bursch, Yerushalmy, Sterling and others in approaching truth.

1974 Dec 17: Special Projects #4 $110,132 2015615

1977: Special Account No.4 Report of the CTR.

The following represent present and known future commitments of Special Account No 4.

• The following are working on public smoking statements. The estimates are that compensation of time for these people will
      between $2,000 and $3,000.
  • Dr Charles Dunlap
  • Dr J Farris
  • Dr R Fisher
  • Dr A Furst
  • Dr R Hickcy
  • Dr K Moser
  • Dr R Okun
  • Dr C Seltzer
  • Dr T Sterling
• There are some 20 to 30 scientists who have been or will be
      seen in connection with the preparation of public smoking statements. There will doubtless be expenses for compensation for time for many of these people . Testing expenses (for CO, etc.) in connection with public smoking presentations may also be expected.

1978 Jan 1: Richard A.Hickey.... CTR Special Projects for one year. $63,665. It was approved by letter on Feb 24 1978. His funding is supposedly for

Epidemiological and Etiological - Studies on the Relation of Air Pollution, Smoking and Other Environmental Variables to Human Chronic Diseases"

1979 Apr 11: Wharton School of Finance Uni of Phil [FILES015824]

1979 June 21: Statitics at Wharton School He was being turned out to attack or counter Aronow [FILES015718/5718]

1979 Nov 4: Reports that the cause of lung cancer is air pollution not smoking:

"a study of 38 American cities shows, among other things, a correlation between sulfates and both heart disease and lung cancer. "This has not set well with some public-health officials because they thought they had already established that cigarette smoking was the cause of lung cancer."

The Air: Unsafe at any Site. New research suggests that clouds of invisible pollutants, borne hundreds of miles from their source by the wind, represent a major health hazard.

1980: Wharton School, Department of Statistics, had Richard J Hickey, Richard C Clelland, Anne B Clelland - attacking study by Yano, Rhoads, and Kagan CHD and Alcohol

1980 July 15: Richard Hickey sending 20 reprints of their Letter-to-the-editor to Hoyt at the CTR.

1980 July 17: Article on funding universities.

Across the nation men and women of science are performing research
    with a common link. At Penn State, they've perfected a method for measuring the moisture content of chocolate(for Hershey). And through the University of
    Pennsylvania's Wharton school they're studying everything from soup (its usefulness as a diet food (for Cambells) to air pollution (its role in lung cancer)

    The nexus of these projects : Money. All the work is being done on industry's tab.
    The Council for Tobacco Research is paying the air pollution bill .
    University researchers, squeezed by inflation and worried about the future of federal support, are increasingly looking to business for money. And businessmen, bedeviled by declining productivity and under pressure to keep their research costs in check, are looking back.
    Wharton Dean is Donald C Carroll. About 30% of the $10.8 million in "sponsored research" Wharton will do this year is industry funded, Carrol said. That 30% is far higher than for the rest of the Uni of Penn of which Wharton, a business school is part.

1980 July 17: Article on funding universities.

Across the nation men and women of science are performing research with a common link. At Penn State, they've perfected a method for measuring the moisture content of chocolate.(for Hershey) And through the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton school,they're studying everything from soup (its usefulness as a diet food (for Cambells)) to air pollution (its role in lung cancerl

    The nexus of these projects: Money. All the work is being done on industry's tab. The Council for Tobacco Research is paying the air pollution bill.

    University researchers, squeezed by inflation and worried about the future of federal support, are increasingly looking to business for money. And businessmen, bedeviled by declining productivity and under pressure to keep their research costs in check, are looking back.

    Wharton Dean is Donald C Carroll. About 30% of the $10.8 million in "sponsored research" Wharton will do this year is industry funded, Carrol said. That 30% is far higher than for the rest of the Uni of Penn of which Wharton, a business school is part.

    Some both within and outside the university/business alliance worry about specific conflicts of interest or dilution of the universities' basic research mission should they become addicted to industrial support.

    Those involved argue vehemently that their own integrity and the scrutiny of their peers are sufficient safeguards I would have nothing to do with having our arms twisted," says Richard Hickey, a senior research investigator at Wharton who has studied the relationship between air pollution and lung cancer with grants from the Council for Tobacco Research.

    Some both within and outside the university/business alliance worry about specific conflicts of interest or dilution of the universities' basic research mission should they become addicted to industrial support.

    Those involved argue vehemently that their own integrity and the scrutiny of their peers are sufficient safeguards I would have nothing to do with having our arms twisted," says Richard Hickey, a senior research investigator at Wharton who has studied the relationship between air pollution and lung cancer with grants from the Council for Tobacco Research.

1980 July 17: Hickey sending letter to Dr Vincent DeVita, NCI (See one to Diane Fink at NCI also) He promotes the constitutional hypothesis
    "A number of reports have appeared in the biomedical literature in recent years that propose that cigarette smoking, or tobacco smoking is symptomatlc of a physiclogical deficiency that nicotine tends to alleviate . Such a deficiency may involve, for example contitutional deficiency in biogenic monoamines."
    Attacks Sur Geneeral 1979 report
    Wants his opinions on certain proceedures.(Copies to toabcco companies)

1980 July 18: To Hoyt at CTR wants support for study Radioactivity

1980 July 28: Sending copy of letter to medical journal editor, re article he and the
    Clellands had done on the dangers of lead. Were the tobacco companies actively promoting the lead scare?

1980 Sep 9: Writing again to DaVita at NCI spreading rumours that the Auerback Beagle study was 'terminated because "it failed to prove smoking is harmful?"

I too am quite curious about this. What are the facts?' I wrote to you on July 17, 1980, on the general problem. On August 14, I received a non-substantive reply from Diane J Fink, MD, of NCI.

    I responded with a letter to Dr. Fink dated August 26, 1980.

    As of today there has been no substantive response. Might a "cancergate" problem be present? Sincerely

1980 Oct 3: Letter to Diane Fink at National Cancer Institute (NCI) in support of the tobacco industry

"Is there 'not a conflict between claims that smoking causes most lung cancer, and epidemiological results that show strong relationships involving air pollutants,"

1982 Mar 12: Uni of Penn Waxman Hearings [2501025200]

1982 Mar 18: PhD Senior Research Investigator, Dept of Statistics, Wharton School, Uni of Penn Pro-industry statements [2025417978]

1983: Report Republican Opposition to Tobacco Koop was seen as the main traitor - Hatch and Dole also created problems
    Hickey was giving evidence at Congress as a ["Senior Research Investigator, Dept of Statistics, Wharton School, Uni of Penn TIMN0170668/0676]

1983 Apr 5: The Tobacco Institute, through Shook Hardy & Bacon has been organising scientific responses to Congressman Thomas Bliley's (R-VA tobacco friendly Representative) queries. This memo details what should and should not be included in the package to Bliley. Some of the replies have apparently been unsatisfactory. He is on the list along with about 31 other shonky scientists. All are well-known and well-documented tobacco industry lackeys.

[Extra notes says: "Record should not contain statement dated 2/5/82". and a handnote says "Write to Nilson"]

1983 May 5 - 12: Tobacco Institute witnesses before a range of Congressional Committees and Subcommittees in the period 1982-83. All 39 scientists presented testimony against proposals of the Comprehensive Smoking Prevention Education Act in 1982 and similar legislation introduced in the House and Senate in 1983.

1. Domingo M. Aviado, M.D., president, Atmospheric Health Sciences, Inc.; adjunct professor of pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark
2. Rodger L Bick, M.D., medical director, San Joaquin Hematology and Oncology Medical Group; assistant professor of medicine, School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles
3. Richard J. Bing, M.D., professor of medicine emeritus, University of Southern California; director of experimental cardiology, Huntington. Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena -
4. Theodore H. Blau, Ph.D., private practice of clinical and child psychology, Tampa
5. Walter M. Booker, Ph.D., professor emeritus of pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, D.C.; president, Walter M. Booker & Associates, Inc., Washington, D.C.
6. Oliver Gilbert Brooke. M.D., FRCP, Head of Neonatology, Department of Child Health, St.George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, England
7. Barbara B. Brown, Ph.D., former chief of experimental physiology, Veterans Administration Hospital, Sepulveda, Cal.
8. Victor B. Buhler, M.D., pathologist, Liberty Hospital, Liberty, Mo.
9. P R. J. Burch, Ph.D., professor. department of medical physics, University of Leeds, England (The evidence of Prof. Burch is to be found in the Congressional Record of August 11, 1982, pp. 3830-32.)
10. Hans J. Eysenck, Ph.D., D.Sc., professor of psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, England
11. Jack Mathews Farris, M.D., emeritus professor of surgery, University of California, San Diego
12. . Sherwin J. Feinhandler, Ph.D., former lecturer in anthropology, Harvard Medical School; president, Social Systems Analysts, Inc., Watertown, Mass.
13. Edwin R. Fisher, M.D., professor of pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; director of laboratories, Shadyside Hospital, Pittsburgh
14. H. Russell Fisher, M.D., emeritus professor of pathology, University of Southern California; consultant, Memorial Hospital, Glendale, Cal.
15. Arthur Furst, Ph.D., distinguished university professor (emeritus) and director (emeritus), Institute of Chemical Biology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco.
16. Jean D. Gibbons, Ph.D., professor of statistics, chairman of applied statistics program, Graduate School, University of Alabama
17. Katherine McDermott Herrold, M.D., medical director (retired), U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, D.C.
18. Richard J. Hickey, Ph.D., senior research investigator, department of statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
19. Robert Casad Hockett, Ph.D., research director, Council for Tobacco Research-USA, Inc., New York
20. Duncan Hutcheon, M.D., Ph.D., professor of pharmacology and medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark
21. Leon O. Jacobson, M.D., physician-scientist emeritus, University of Chicago; chairman, Scientific Advisory Board, Council for Tobacco Research- USA, Inc., New York
22. Lawrence L Kupper, PhD., professor of biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
23. Hiram T. Langston, M.D., clinical professor of surgery (emeritus), Northwestern University Medical School; chairman, department of surgery, St. Joseph's Hospital, Chicago
24. Mariano F. La Via, M.D., professor of laboratory medicine and director, division of diagnostic immunology, Medical University of South Carolina
25. Stephen C. Littlechild, Ph.D., professor of commerce, head of department of industrial economics and business studies, Faculty of Commerce and Social Science, University of Birmingham, England
26. Eleanor J. Macdonald, professor emeritus of epidemiology, University of Texas System Cancer Center, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston.
27. Harold Mendelsohn, Ph.D., director, Center for Mass Communications Research and Policy, University of Denver
28. L.G.S. Rao, Ph.D., senior biochemist, Bellshill Maternity Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
29. Jay Roberts, Ph.D., professor and chairman, department of pharmacology, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
30. Henry Rothschild, M.D., Ph.D., professor of medicine and anatomy, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans
31. Henry I. Russek, M.D., private practice of cardiology, Boca Raton, Fla.; formerly director of cardiovascular research, U S. Public Health Service Hospital, Staten Island
32. Bernice C. Sachs, M.D., psychiatrist, Cooperative Plan, Seattle
33. John E. Salvaggio, M.D., chairman and Henderson professor, department of medicine, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans
34. Gerhard N. Schrauzer, Ph.D., professor of chemistry, University of California, San Diego
35. Carl C. Seltzer, Ph.D., honorary research associate, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
36. Sheldon C. Sommers, M.D., clinical professor of pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; scientific director, Council for Tobacco Research-USA, Inc., New York
37. Charles D. Spielberger, Ph.D., psychology professor, director, Center for Research in Community Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa
38. Theodor D. Sterling, Ph.D., university research professor, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia
39. Bea J. van den Berg, M.D., director, child health and development studies, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley

[Every name on this list is a dedicated, long-term tobacco-friendly scientist, who persisted in working for the tobacco industry many years passed the time when it was still remotely possible for the gullible, or the stupid, to still believe that cigarettes were 1) not addictive 2) not a health hazard to smokers 3) not a health hazard to non-smokers.]

1983 Sep 9: He has found the second-rate statistics linking women with smoking/suicides and men, and wants to exploit it. Job opportunity ++++ - [FILES019658]

1984 Feb: The Cigarette Controversy: Why More Research Is Needed. This document prepared by the Tobacco Insittute for Congressional Hearings, is labled both as [PA/000766] and [TIEX0000964] >>> This is 943 pages - and available on page by page basis only.<<< The list of Tobacco Institute witnesses includes:

• Domingo M Aviado, MD, President Atmospheric Health Sciences Inc; adjunct professor of pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark (See also Duncan Hutcheon)
• Roger L Bick, MD medical director, San Josaquin Hematology and Oncology Medical Group; assistant professor of medicine, School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, LA
• Richard J Bing, MD, professor of medicine emeritus, University of Southern California; director of experimental cardiology, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena
• Theodor H Blau, PhD, private practice of clinical and child psychology, Tampa
• Walter M Booker, PhD, professor emertis of pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC; president Walter M Booker & Assoc, Inc. Washington DC.
• Oliver Gilbert Brooke, MD, FRCP, Head of Neonatology, Department of Child Health, St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, UK
• Barbara B Brown, PhD, former chief of experimental phsyiology, Veterans Administration Hospital, Sepulveda, California
• Victor B Buhler, MD pathologist, Liberty Hospital, Liberty, MO
• PRJ Burch, PhD, professor, department of medical physics, University of Leeds, UK
• Hans J Eysenck, PhD DSc, professor of psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Uni of London, UK
• Jack Mathews Farris, MD, emeritus professor of surgery, University of California, San Diego. (see also Gerhard N Schrauzer)
• Sherwin J Feinhandler, PhD, former lecturer in anthropology, Harvard Medical School, president Social Sysstems Analysis Inc, Watertown Mass.
• Edwin R Fisher, MD, professor of pathology, university of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, director of laboratories, Shadyside Hospital, Pittsburgh
• H Russell Fisher, MD, emeritus professor of pathology, University of Southern California, consultant, memorial Hospital, Glendale, California
• Arthur Furst, PhD, distinguished university professor (emeritus) and director (emeritusO Institute of Chemical Biology, University of San Francisco, SF
• Jean D Gibbons, PhD, Prof/ChM of statistics, Graduate Schoolm Uni of Alabama
• Katherine McDermott Herrold, MD, medical director (retired) Public Health Service, Washington DC.
• Richard J Hickey, PhD, senior research investigator, department of statistics, The Wharton School, Uni of Pennsylvania
• Robert Casad Hockett, PhD, research director, CTR
• Duncan Hutcheon, MD PhD, Prof of Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark (See also Dom Aviado)
• Leon O Jacobson, MD, physician-scientist emeritus, University of Chicago: Chairman CTR Scientific Advisory Board.
• Lawrence L Kupper, PhD, Prof of biostatistics, School of Public Health, Uni of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
• Hiram T Langston, MD, clinical professor of surgery (emeritus) NorthWestern University Medical School; chairman department of surgery, St Joseph's Hospital, Chicago.
• Mariano F La Via, MD, professor of laboratory medicine and director, division of diagnostic immunology, Medical University of Southern Carolina.
• Stephen C Littlechild, PhD, professor of commerce, head of department of industrial economics and business studies, Faculty of Commerce and Social Science, University of Birmingham, England.
• Eleanor J Macdonald, prefessor emeritus of epidemiology, University of Texas System Cancer Center; MD Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute Houston.
• Harold Mendelsohn, PhD, director, Center for Mass Communications Research and Policy, Uni of Denver
• LGS Rao, PhD, Bellshill Maternity Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
• Jay Roberts, PhD, Prof/ChM Dept of Phamacology, Medical College of Pennsylvania
• Henry Rothschild, MD PhD, Prof of Med and Anatomy, School of Med, Louisiana State Uni, New Orleans
• Henry I Russek, MD, cardiologist, in Boco Raton; ex director of cardiogasuclar research in PHS Hospital, Staten Island
• Bernice C Sachs, MD, psychiartist, Cooperative Plan, Seattle
• John E Salvaggio, MD, Prof/Chm Dept of Med, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans
• Gerhard N Schrauzer, PhD, Prof of Chemistry, Uni of California, San Diego (see also Jack Farris)
• Carl C Seltzer, PhD, Hon, research associate, Peabody Museum, Harvard Uni. (See also Sherwin Finhandler)
• Sheldon C Sommers, MD, clinical prof of pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University & scientific director CTR.
• Charles D Spielberger, PhD, psychology professor, Center for Research i Community Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa
• Theodor D Sterling, PhD, university research professor Simon Frazer Uni, Burnaby, BC, Canada
• Bea J van den Berg, MD, director child health and development studies, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley

[Compare this list with the secret payments made to scientists and academics via the lawyer-controlled Special Account #4 of the previous year:]

1985 Dec: JAMA accepts a letter-to-the-editor from him (sent "for your information.")

1986 Sept 4: Sirridge to Holtzman - Hickey has lost his uni position. They are going to send him $12,000 for one year, as support. [507875961]

1986 Nov: JAMA editor is now angry with him, and he wants a second rebuttal CTRSP/FILES020914/09

1989 Apr 28: Shook Hardy & Bacon's Special Accounts #4 list of Consultancies.

• Domingo Aviado "Continuing review of relevant S&H topics" - $75,000
• Richard Hickey "Continuing consultancy (from Nov 88) - $12,000
• Gary L Huber, :reviewing and analysing of chronic obstructive lung disease literature" (Not specified)
• Carl Seltzer, "Continuing consultantcy based on spcific projects - Per diem

1990: Tobacco Institute's Public Affairs budget plan

1992 Dec 31: This appears to be a document prepared by Lorillard and their legal counsel, for some reason. It summarises The Council for Tobacco Research: Log - Special Projects
Special Account #4 (These are the numbered accounts)

• Alone —       No: 56 81 88 96
• With RC Clelland — No: 101
• Alone —       No: 110

1999 /E: DoJ Charge: Defendants would often fund the same scientist through a variety of different mechanisms. For example, on September 4, 1986, Patrick Sirridge of Shook, Hardy & Bacon sent a letter to General Counsels Alexander Holtzman of Philip Morris, Wayne Juchatz of RJ Reynolds, Josiah Murray of Liggett, Ernest Pepples of Brown & Williamson, Paul Randour of RJ Reynolds, and Arthur Stevens of Lorillard, recommending that Dr Richard Hickey receive continued funding, and

"because Dr. Richard J. Hickey no longer has an official university position, we believe it is an appropriate time for his CTR Special Project should end.

    However, Dr Richard A Hickey, for one year, should be paid $12,000. The payment is arranged as a consultancy. The consultancy would be paid from Shook, Hardy & Bacon Special Account."

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CONTRIBUTORS:samf dhf2 lrt3